Approximately 50% of people who have had heart
attacks
have had "normal" cholesterol numbers!
Historically, CVD risk was evaluated using family
history, current lifestyle, physical exam and LDL-C levels. Since the 1960’s,
we’ve understood the causal relationship of lipoproteins to heart disease, but
we did not have the technology to measure themdirectly. Cholesterol levels were
used as a surrogate marker. Because the amount of cholesterol within lipoprotein
particles varies between patients and even within a patient, cholesterol levels
may underestimate the number of lipoprotein particles in some patients.
1,2
Lipoproteins, specifically low density
lipoproteins, can be readily measured and the
technologies to measure them have recently been recognized by the
American Diabetes asstated by the Association and the American College of
Cardiologists.3
The NMR LipoProfile
test utilizes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology to provide a direct
measure of the number of low density lipoprotein particles. These particles
interact with artery walls and initiate the cascade of events leading to
cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
The
NMR LipoProfile test also provides
standard lipid results including LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides and total
cholesterol. NMR LipoProfile test results can be used withclinical
evaluation to aid in the management of lipoprotein disorders associated with
cardiovascular disease.
If
you know your
LDL cholesterol number and HDL cholesterol number, that's good. But now
there is an advanced test that, thanks to new research, is a better
predictor of heart disease than cholesterol numbers alone. It's called
the NMR LipoProfile® test and it can help you and your doctor get a
better understanding of your true heart health.
For the past fifty years, medical science has learned a lot about the
causes of heart disease. At first, doctors looked at total cholesterol
numbers but then discovered that not all cholesterol was dangerous.
That's when doctors discovered the importance of identifying the
different types of cholesterol - LDL (the "bad" cholesterol) and HDL
(the "good" cholesterol). Generally speaking, the lower the LDL numbers
and the higher the HDL numbers, the better.
While measuring cholesterol is helpful, knowing these numbers wasn't
enough for all patients. Doctors are beginning to realize that
determining your risk of a heart attack is not as simple as just
measuring your cholesterol. A staggering fact shows this:
Thanks to new research, we understand that heart disease, or blocking of
arteries, is caused by lipoprotein particles and not by cholesterol.
Made of lipids and various proteins, lipoprotein particles are the
principal way lipids like cholesterol are transported in the blood.
These are the particles that can build up in a person's arteries and
cause heart attacks.
There are three
major types of lipoprotein particles:
Low Density Lipoproteins
(LDL)
High Density Lipoproteins
(HDL)
Very Low Density Lipoproteins
(VLDL)
Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is made in the body and is in the food we eat.
Cholesterol doesn't travel freely in the bloodstream, but is carried in containers called low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. The amount of cholesterol carried in LDL particles can vary from person to person, and particle to particle. Because of this,your cholesterol number may not accurately represent your LDL particle number.
Lipoprotein particles travel into the artery wall where they deposit their cholesterol, which forms plaque. Over time, the plaque can block blood flow and cause a heart attack.
Lipoprotein particles interacting with the artery wall have been shown to be more directly linked to heart disease risk than the cholesterol they carry.5-6
More LDL particles means
more plaque.
The more LDL particles you have, the higher your risk for
heart disease, which can lead to a heart attack.1-3
When your LDL particle number
is low, your risk for heart disease may be reduced.1-3
People with low or normal
cholesterol may have a high number of LDL particles, even if
their cholesterol is being lowered by diet, exercise, or
medication.4
The NMR LipoProfile
test provides the number of LDL particles and cholesterol
information. This knowledge helps you and your doctor manage
your risk for heart disease.
1. Cromwell WC et al. Am J Cardiol 2006;98:1599-1602. 2. McBride PE and Stein JH, Contemporary Diagnosis and Management in Preventive Cardiology (Humana Press 2006). 3. Cromwell WC et al. Curr Athero Reports 2004. 4. Otvos JD et al. Am J Cardiol 2002. 5. Cromwell WC et al. J Clin Lipidology 2007;1:583-592. 6. Brunzell et al. Diabetes Care. 2008;4:811-822.
Today, scientists
have realized that determining your risk for heart disease is not as
simple as just measuring your cholesterol. No matter how much
cholesterol is being carried by these lipoprotein particles, it is the
number of various lipoprotein particles present that contribute to heart
disease. Think of lipoproteins as cars that carry passengers along a
highway, and think of the passengers as cholesterol. It's not the number
of passengers that causes the traffic jam, it is the number of cars.
Lipoprotein particles have two parts
An inner core
region of cholesterol and triglyceride
An outer shell
Cholesterol and triglyceride cannot move through the artery wall unless
it is carried inside a lipoprotein particle. Lipoprotein particles serve
as the vehicles that transport cholesterol in the blood.
As lipoprotein particles move through the blood, they can enter the wall
of an artery. As the number of lipoprotein particles increases in the
blood, more particles move into the walls of arteries. Once inside the
artery wall, lipoprotein particles undergo changes that lead to the
formation of blockages inside the artery wall. These blockages grow over
time leading to increased risk of heart attack.
That is why lipoproteins are so important. It is the number of
lipoprotein particles that causes heart disease.
The NMR
LipoProfile test is especially important for people with certain risk
factors, even if they have normal cholesterol numbers (LDL cholesterol
<130 mg/dL). The NMR LipoProfile test is most important for people who:
Have heart
disease now
Have diabetes
Have metabolic syndrome
Others at risk may include people who:
Have several risk factors (smoking, high blood pressure, family
history)
Have a family history of heart disease
Have high cholesterol
Are on cholesterol-lowering medications
This breakthrough
lipoprotein test will tell you and your doctor detailed information
about your heart health – information that no other test can give you.
The NMR LipoProfile test is the only test that directly measures
lipoprotein particles and can give you and your doctor a clear picture
of your heart health. You doctor can make treatment decisions
based on your lipoprotein particles to ward off potential heart health
problems in the future.
What does the NMR LipoProfile test tell your doctor?
The NMR LipoProfile test will tell your doctor specific information
about your heart health. The most important item to look at on the
report is the LDL particle number. Generally, the lower the number of
LDL particles, the better.
Risk Category
LDL Particle Number
Optimal
Under 1000*
Near of Above Optimal
1000-1299†
Borderline High
1300-1599
High
1600-2000
Very High
Over 2000
* Goal for heart
disease, diabetic, or other high risk patients
†Goal for all other patients
Once you know the number of LDL particles, it is important to know their
size, particularly if you have a relatively high number of these
lipoprotein particles. Generally, the fewer the number of LDL particles
and the larger the size of the LDL particles, the better.
The information provided on this site is
for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for
advice from your physician or other health care professional or any
information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You
should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment
of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other
treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before
starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking
any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health
problem. You should not stop taking any medication without first
consulting your physician.
Affiliate - Cleveland
Clinic & University Hospital Network